The bounty is available for anyone, its just Commander Kallihan is a busy man and doesn't take visitors very often.
But there really isn't much of a way to tell the difference between these two things. But then again, IC-wise, is there really a difference? The town crier is a way to send little tid-bits that should be well known to players in an IC fashion. So if its hard to tell whats a scrpited quest or what is a GM quest set-up or the result of a quest... well, that's the problem with the system in a sense. But frankly, I don't see it as too much of a problem. If you frequentlyy check the calendar, you can usually tell what info is based off an up-and-coming quest and what is just rumors or other tid-bits.